A foreign judgment would not be conclusive if it refuses to recognise the applicable law of India or is in breach of any law in force in India". A number of courts in India have refused the grant of Ancillary Probate or the grant of Letters of Administration, relying upon this cardinal rule.
From an Indian legal perspective, a Foreign Will is one executed outside the territorial jurisdiction of India. An NRI, PIO or Foreigner owning assets in India is not mandatorily required to prepare an Indian Will for a valid bequeath of assets in India, there being no bar as to the nationality or origin of the testator or the beneficiary.
For a Foreign Will to be enforced in India, apart from being executed as per the laws of such country, it has to be validated on a two-fold basis. In the first stage, a Probate has to be obtained from the concerned Court or authority in the Foreign country; such order granting a Probate must contain the following observations by the concerned Court or authority:
- That the Testator has validly signed the Will and that there are no doubts/ suspicions/ uncertainties as to the signature of the Testator on the Will.
- That the Will is executed by a person competent to make the Will and is free from fraud, coercion and undue influence;
- That the Will was attested by two witnesses, each of whom has seen the Testator sign the Will;
OR
If the Will was signed in the absence of witnesses, each of the witnesses has received from the Testator, a personal acknowledgment of the Testator’s signature;
- that at least one witness has signed the Will in the presence of the Testator;
- that the original Will has been submitted and has been retained by the Court or authority in the Foreign country and a Certified Copy thereof is to be issued to the applicant/ beneficiary.
The authenticated/ probated copy of the Will and Final Order obtained from the Foreign Court is required to be apostilled and an Apostille Certificate is required to be obtained from a competent authority under the Apostille Convention (Hague Treaty Convention 12). India is also a signatory to this Convention.
With reference to wills executed outside India, in respect of which a foreign probate has also been obtained, the requirement of Section 213(1) of the Act would be satisfied by obtaining under Section 228(1) of the Act an ancillary probate. Otherwise, the procedural requirement of the lex fori enacted under Section 213(1) of the Act may not be satisfied and if it is only with a view to enabling parties claiming under a will executed outside India to make claims with reference to properties situated in India, the procedure under Section 228 of the Act has been prescribed.
If this is not so, then as the probate obtained in respect of a will executed in a foreign country would be operative only within that country, persons entitled to other properties under the will, which are situated outside the country where the will was executed and the probate also was obtained, would be left without any means to assert their rights there to it must also be remembered that Section 228 of the Act is really in the nature of an enabling provision and when read with Section 270 of the Act, permits the obtaining of an ancillary probate. Section 270 of the Act is enacted on the principle that the presence of personal property of the deceased would be sufficient foundation of jurisdiction for purposes of granting probate.
Section 228 of the Indian Succession Act, 1925 provides the following:
When a will has been proved and deposited in a Court of competent jurisdiction situated beyond the limits of the State, whether within or beyond the limits of India, and a properly authenticated copy of the will is produced, letters of administration may be granted with a copy of such copy annexed
On the probated Foreign Will, an Application for grant of Letters of Administration can also be filed by the Executor or by the Beneficiaries [if no Executor is named in the Will]. Such Letters of Administration are granted under Section 228 of the Indian Succession Act, 1925, granting the administrative rights for the property/ assets to the Executor/ Beneficiary.
A foreign judgement would not be conclusive if it refuses to recognise the applicable law of India or is in breach of any law in force in India". A number of courts in India have refused the grant of Ancillary Probate or the grant of Letters of Administration, relying upon this cardinal rule.
Wills made in other jurisdictions are not automatically enforceable in India. Under the Act, an ancillary probate can be granted to authenticate a foreign will. A foreign will, once proved and deposited in a court of competent jurisdiction, or a properly authenticated copy of the will and letters of administration will be recognised by the Indian Courts. Otherwise, if the Court deems fit then it will take the evidence into account and will examine the petitioner upon oath to ensure the veracity of the will.
Note :
Only foreign property would be eligible for probate when issued abroad. If someone wants to benefit from India, they should abide by Indian law. Practically; after the death of your husband, his legal heirs become absolute owners of the property . Sell the property with the consent of all legal heirs OR go to court and spend time; follow the above procedure.