For persons who are governed by the provisions of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, permanent alimony or maintenance is awarded by the court under Section 25 of the said Act. This section is generally resorted to at the time of passing of the decree of divorce. However, this section empowers the court to award alimony even at any time subsequent to the divorce on an application being made for that purpose. Moreover, alimony can be provided to wife or even to the husband for her or his maintenance or support.
Alimony can be provided as a lump-sum amount (i.e., one-time payment), or as a monthly or periodical payment. Secondly, if it is provided on monthly or periodical basis, then it can be ordered to be paid during the full life of the spouse or for a period less than that.
There is no fixed arithmetic formula that is used for calculating the alimony. It depends on the facts and circumstances of each case. However, there are certain factors that are taken into consideration for computing the amount of alimony, and some of these factors taken into consideration by the court are mentioned below (here, for the sake of simplicity, it is being presumed that the husband is being directed to pay alimony to the wife):
Husband’s own income and other property, if any.
Income and other property of the wife herself.
Conduct of the parties.
Other circumstances of the case, which may seem to the court to be just.
Usually, all mandatory deductions (such as Income Tax, load repayments, etc.) from the income / salary of the husband would be considered to arrive at his net income / salary.
Other genuine liabilities of the husband, such as wholly dependent old parents, may be duly considered by the court.
If wife is employed / working and has her own independent sources of income, the same may also be taken into account.
The life style of parties, their social status may be taken into account.
The status and the mode of life which the wife was used to when she lived with her husband, is also taken into account.
Expenses to be incurred on the education and upbringing of the children is also considered.
Age and health of the parties.
The period for which they have been married.
Therefore, based on a variety of factors, which depend upon the specific facts and circumstances of each case (i.e., there is no hard and fast formula), the amount to be provided as alimony or maintenance is decided by the court.