Dear Sir/Ma'am,
Even though a heavy loss incurred to you, the law there to provide adequate justice to everyone. Here are some of the legal provisions and procedures which you can go through-
The Indian Parliament passed the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code , 2016 (IBC). The Government had notified only the part on corporate insolvency. In 2019 Personal Insolvency provisions were notified.
Personal Insolvency, if defined in simple words, would mean when a person is unable to honour a debt agreement i.e. when his debts exceed his income. As of now, Personal Insolvency is still at its initial stage in India and it requires time to be fully operational. In the latest amendment of 2019 in IBC, a Personal Guarantor is allowed to be sued for recovery of dues by creditors in the NCLT. A Personal Guarantor can now also move a petition for having himself declared insolvent. As per this amendment, the law seeks that both secured and unsecured debt of the guarantor would be covered under the head Personal Insolvency.
In terms of the amendments in Personal Insolvency, the IBC now provides process for dealing with default. The “Fresh Start Process” provides for post clearance of dues with creditors. The “Insolvency Resolution Process” provides for a mechanism for creditors and debtors to renegotiate a repayment plan and “Bankruptcy” provides for liquidation of debtor’s assets but this can only be set into motion when resolution process fails. Earlier the Law had designated “Debt Recovery Tribunals“ (DRT) as the adjudicating body having the wider presence than the “National Company law Tribunal” (NCLT) which earlier, only adjudicated for Corporate Insolvency but the 2019 Amendment in IBC, has designated NCLT as the adjudicating body granting relief to both creditors and personal guarantors for fast and easy disposal.
Who can file for insolvency
An individual can file an insolvency petition if he/she is unable to pay his/her debts on fulfilment of any of the following three conditions:
- Debts amount to more than Rs.500
- The individual is under arrest or imprisonment in the execution of a money decree
- There is a subsisting order of attachment against his/her property in execution of such decree
When can the Creditor file for Insolvency Petition?
A creditor can file an insolvency petition under the following conditions:
- The total amount of debt due to the creditor is more than Rs.500
- The debt is already due or at a future date
- Insolvency petition has been filed within three months of the commission of the act of insolvency
Where to file the Insolvency Petition?
An insolvency petition is filed at a district court having jurisdiction in which the debtor resides or carries on business. If the debtor has already been arrested or imprisoned, then the insolvency petition can be filed where he/she is in custody. Once an insolvency petition is filed, the Court can appoint an interim receiver after the presentation of the insolvency petition or before an order is made. On making an order of adjudication, the property of an insolvent individual would vest with the official assignee or the receiver and becomes divisible among the creditors.
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