Regarding your first question, yes, you can initiate child custody proceedings from India. You would need to file a petition under the Guardians and Wards Act, 1890, in the family court having jurisdiction over your current location in Gujarat. Since your son is a U.S. citizen but is physically present in India with you, Indian courts have the authority to decide on matters of custody and guardianship. The child's welfare is the paramount consideration, and the court will consider factors like who has been the primary caregiver. Given your son's young age (2 years) and your husband's lack of contact, you have strong grounds. You should consult a family lawyer in India immediately to file the petition and seek interim custody orders to prevent your husband from taking the child out of India without court permission.
For obtaining an OCI card for your son without your husband's consent, the process is challenging but not impossible. As per regulations, for minors, applications require signatures and documents from both parents. If one parent is unwilling, you must submit a signed affidavit explaining the circumstances, along with any supporting evidence of his refusal to cooperate (such as call records or messages). You can also approach the court in the ongoing custody case to seek a specific order directing the authorities to process the OCI application based on your sole application, citing the father's abandonment of parental duties. The court's order can serve as a substitute for the missing parental consent.
To retrieve your personal documents and belongings from your marital home in the U.S., you have a few options. You can engage a lawyer in the U.S., preferably in the state where you resided, who can send a legal notice to your husband demanding the safekeeping and return of your personal property. Simultaneously, in your Indian custody case, you can request the court to direct your husband, through its orders, to return your essential documents. Alternatively, with a power of attorney, a trusted friend in the U.S. could assist. While complex, these legal avenues are necessary as your educational certificates and personal items are crucial for your and your child's future.
If you cannot return to the U.S. before your visa expires in March 2026, you are not legally obligated to send your son back alone. Forcing a two-year-old to travel internationally without his primary caregiver would be detrimental to his welfare, a key factor in any court's decision. By staying in India and formally filing for custody, you are establishing that the child is habitually resident there now. Your husband's actions—cancelling your ticket, cutting off communication, and his historical reluctance about the child—will significantly weigh against him in any custody dispute. Focus on securing legal custody orders in India, which will provide you the right to retain your son.
Regarding legal aid, as you have limited financial means, you should explore free legal services in India. Contact the District Legal Services Authority (DLSA) in your district in Gujarat. They provide free legal aid and counsel to eligible women, especially in family matters. You can visit their office or check the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) website for contact details. Additionally, many women's rights NGOs in Gujarat, such as the Gujarat State Women's Development Corporation, offer support and can guide you to pro bono lawyers. Explain your situation as a housewife with no income; you likely qualify for assistance.