Although no individual coparcener, including the karta has any power to dispose of the joint family property without the consent of all others, the Dharma Shastra recognizes it. That in certain circumstances any member has the power to alienate the joint family property.
1. As the head of the family, karta’s powers of management are almost absolute. He may mange the property of the family, the family affairs, the business the way he likes, he may mismanage also, nobody can question his mismanagement. He is not liable for positive failures. He may discriminate between the members of the family. But he cannot deny maintenance /use/occupation of property to any coparcener. The ever-hanging sword of partition is a great check on his absolute powers.
2. The above answer suits this too.
3. No, she is not a coparcener, she is just the wife of the Karta "M".
4, Yes, B and C can claim partition on the exclusion of new wife of their father.
5. You can better send a legal notice by registered post.
6. The Karta can take shelter on the benefit of the joint family.
The karta of a joint family represents the family in all matters- legal, social, religious. He acts on behalf of the family and such acts are binding on the family. The joint family has no corporate existence; it acts in all matters through its karta. The karta can enter into any transaction on behalf of the family and that would be binding on the joint family.
7. The minor's claim can be from his father's share alone.