How far should a waste water treatment plant be from your residence inside a complex?
Waste water treatment plant is a job to be done by local civic authority under its control and guidance.
The rules governing town planning and building rules hence differs in every city or state.
In other words you will have to see the local law governing the local Municipality which is not uniform in every state,
It should be sufficiently distant. Idk the exact distance but it cannot be so near as to affect your environment.
Regards
It should not be too close around 100 mtrs of there is any chances of leakage
it depends on several factors:
The first to consider is if the residential area has growth expectations, the distance that may currently be acceptable is unacceptable in a short time.
Second depends on the type of treatment.
Third factor is the direction of the prevailing winds.
Also influences the quality of the operation of the plant. With all this it is deficil to give a number but at least several hundred meters.
The STP site should be located at least 500 meters away from a notified habituated area and zone of 100 meters around STP site boundary should be declared as no-development zone so that green belt can be developed in that area.
4. The STP site should be at least 500 meters away from a public utility area such as park, temple, educational institution etc.
1. The Waste Water Treatment plant (STP) should be located at the North-West corner of the residential complex and be atleast 10 meters away from the nearest possible residential window. However all this depends on the layout plan of the complex and the neighboring complex and the sewage outlet chamber of the local Municipal Corporation.
2. IF treated properly, there is no chemical fumes or other obnoxious smell from the STP.
Dear Sir,
In exercise of the powers conferred by sections 6 and 25 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986), the Central Government hereby makes the following rules further to amend the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, namely:- These rules may be called the Environment (Protection) Amendment Rules, 2017. They shall come into force on the date of their publication in the Official Gazette.These standards shall be applicable for discharge into water bodies as well as for land disposal/applications. The standards for Fecal Coliform shall not apply in respect of use of treated effluent for industrial purposes. These Standards shall apply to all STPs to be commissioned on or after the 1st June, 2019 and the old/existing STPs shall achieve these standards within a period of five years from date of publication of this notification in the Official Gazette
Local bye laws and state acts would govern this subject. Hence, a local lawyer alone can answer this.
At a corner of the plot layout and it should be hygienic and medical treatment done properly plus it should be air pollution free. Get more information from municipal corporation website or people BBMP.
Plant is big unit, cannot be near to resident area but in industrial arra.
Dear Sir,
What is Waste Water? How is it generated?
Waste water is the water that emerges after fresh water is used by human beings for domestic, commercial and industrial use. This document will restrict itself only to the waste water generated due to domestic use.
By and large,it is fresh water that is used for a variety of domestic uses such as washing, bathing & flushing toilets. Washing involves the washing of utensils used in cooking, washing vegetables and other food items, bathing, washing hands, washing clothes.
The water that emerges after these uses contains, vegetable matter, oils used in cooking, oil in hair, detergents, dirt from floors that have been washed , soap used in bathing along with oils/greases washed from the human body. This water is referred to as “ Grey Water” or sullage.
Water used to flush toilets to evacuate human excreta is called “ Black Water” or Sewage.
Grey water is easier to purify as compared to black water, i.e sewage. However, the practice predominantly followed in India is to combine these two wastes to discharge into a public sewer or into a sewage treatment plant in a residential community/ building that has no access to a public sewer.
How much waste water is generated in a residential complex?
As per standards laid down by the CPHEEO (Central Public Health Environmental & Engineering Organisation), the fresh water consumption per day per person should be between 135 to 150 litres per day. It is officially expressed as “litres per capita daily” (lpcd). By and large public water supply and sewerage bodies/authorities all across the country use the former figure to work out probable water consumption.
Waste generation in a residential complex:
When water is consumed by people living in a residential complex without access to an underground sewerage/drainage system , the amount consumed is estimated to be 135 lpcd. The total quantity (No. of residents X 135 litres) comes into a sewage treatment plant(STP) in the premises, and , this total volume has to be treated by the STP.
In a vast majority of cases, the actual waste generated exceeds this figure comfortably leading to overloading of the STP. This happens routinely because almost all residential complexes do not install water meters or similar water volume and flow measurement devices to keep track of water consumption in a residential complex/ gated community.
Consequently, when a device is installed and readings monitored, consumption has been found to be double and some times triple the suggested figure of 135 lpcd.
Waste generation in a commercial complex:
Human occupation of this kind of building is only during “duty hours”,i..e for approximately 8 to 10 hours per shift if there is more than a single shift. In this case water consumption is considered as 50 lpcd per person per shift.
What are the constituents of waste water (sewage) ?
Waste water contains all the dissolved minerals present in the fresh water that was used and which became waste water as well as all the other contaminants mentioned above. These are proteins, carbohydrates, oils & fats. These contaminants are degradable and use up oxygen in the degradation process.
Therefore, these are measured in terms of their demand for oxygen which can be established by certain tests in a laboratory. This is called Bio Degradable Oxygen demand(BOD). Some chemicals which also contaminate the water during the process of domestic use also degrade and use oxygen and the test done to establish this demand which is called Chemical Oxgen demand (COD).
Typically a domestic sewage would contain approximately 300 to 450 mg/litre of BOD and COD on an average. Sewage also contains coliform bacteria (e coli) which is harmful to human beings if water containing such bacteria is consumed(drunk). E coli is bacteria that thrives in the intestines of warm blooded creatures such as humans, animals and birds.
Another feature of sewage is the high level of Total Suspended Solids (TSS). This is what gives the sewage a black colour ,hence the name “ black water”. If sewage is allowed to turn septic, it then also has a strong, unpleasant odour.
Much of the water used for domestic purposes does not require potable ( suitable for drinking) water quality. For instance, water used for flushing toilets or for washing floors, yards or roads & gardening does not require to be potable. In a scenario where fresh water is getting increasingly scarce and when enormous volumes of sewage generated in the country are not being treated ,but goes unchecked to pollute fresh water from lakes, rivers and the ground water table, it must be treated.
Discharging untreated sewage into any drains other than an underground sewerage system, or into open land , is an offence and invites prosecution under the laws of all Pollution Control Boards in the country.
Sewage must necessarily be treated correctly and then re-used/re-cycled for various uses that do not need potable water quality. Recycling/re-using treated sewage can reduce fresh water requirements very substantially, by almost 50-60%.
In a scenario where fresh water availability itself is increasingly in doubt this is critical.
How can treated sewage be re-used/re-cycled ?
This requires plumbing to be laid so as to serve two sets of storage tanks on the roofs of any residential/commercial building. One set of storage tanks will be used to receive and store fresh water which will flow through plumbing laid to take it to bathrooms and kitchens where it can be used for drinking, cooking, washing & bathing.
The second set of tanks will receive treated sewage which will be connected by plumbing to all the flush tanks in toilets and to other points where the water can be used for washing yards, floors and also for gardening.
Sullage (grey water) which is mentioned above, if collected in a storage tank separately can be treated by aerating it to prevent it from turning septic, and then dosed with a coagulant, chlorinated and then subjected to filtration by pressure sand filtration followed by activated carbon filtration and stored in a separate overhead tank or tanks from which it can be used for flushing toilets and other uses where fresh or potable water is not required.
However, the current practice is to combine sullage and sewage (black water) and treat the mixture in an STP (Sewage treatment plant). This practice has come in predominantly to reduce the cost of construction of two separate plants and because space is now at a premium in any building.
- The plant should be located away from car parking areas or areas that can cause ignition or spark.
- Further , in case of residential complex, this plant should be atleast 10 metres away distance from the residence .
It should be located at a distance of 100 meters from boundary of your residence complex
The septic tank should be at least 10 feet away from the house. The tank should be aligned straight out from the point where the discharge sewer line leaves the house. Installing the tank so it is level, with no slope in any direction, is important.
Sewage Treatment plant system can be opened or fully sealed. Some apartments adopt partially sealed system. One of main disadvantage of opened or partially sealed system is sewage is broken down by bacteria and during this process methane is released into campus or at ground floor level. The gas released from sewage chamber due to biological processing (by bacteria) will contain methane. Methane is highly combustible and toxic.
Sewage Treatment Plant which is opened or partially closed is not recommended for apartments or residents in densely populated areas. In this system, smell can be sensed for miles. This system is only useful for large sewage treatments. For small residential units, a completely sealed package unit is recommended. Sewage compartments with methane gas should be located away from car parking areas or areas that can cause ignition or spark. Any ignition or spark can easily catch fire in sewage compartments with methane gas.
For apartments or for small residential units, automated system is recommended as this will reduce maintenance cost. Disadvantage of manually operated system is that there are chances of human error of dry running the pumps or not starting pumps in time. This can result in machinery breakdown or overflow of sludge. Automated system helps to prevent breakdown or overflow and association can save more than Rs 15,000 per month on maintenance cost.
