While buying or selling any property, you must have come across various legal documents that are required to prove the ownership of that property. Conveyance deed is one such document that is required when there is a transfer of ownership of any property from one person to another.
Here's everything that you need to know about a conveyance deed –
What is Conveyance Deed?
The term "Deed" means a written legal contract that binds the parties to its terms and can be proved in the court as evidence.
The term 'Conveyance' is used when there is transfer of ownership or legal title in a property from one person to another. Hence, a conveyance deed is a legal document between a transferor and a transferee, which proves that a title or ownership in the property along with all other rights related to the property have been transferred from one person to another.
It informs that the property is free from any restrictions and disputes. Both parties sign it and it can be produced in a court if any dispute relating to the agreement arises in future.
However, a conveyance deed is a wide term which not only includes a sale of the property but also other kinds of transfers such as gift, exchange, lease, mortgage, relinquishment and other transfers.
A conveyance deed is valid only when the property is sold for a valid consideration (usually money) except in the case of a gift deed which results out of love and affection.
It can be signed for either movable or immovable property.
A conveyance deed is executed in accordance with the legal provisions under the Transfer of Property Act 1882, Registration Act 1908 and Indian Stamp Act, 1899.
Essential Elements in a Conveyance Deed
In order to be valid and acceptable in a court, a conveyance deed needs to contain some essential elements. For instance, it must:
* Establish exact boundaries of the property to avoid any dispute relating to land ownership,
* State that all the rights relating to the property have been transferred along with the property,
* Provide details regarding delivery and acceptance of the property,
* State all terms and conditions relating to the transfer,
* Be made on a non-judicial stamp paper and signed by both parties,
* Mention full names, addresses and other requisite details of the seller and the buyer,
* State that the property is free from any disputes and restrictions,
* Be signed by at least two witnesses
* Be in writing and notarized, and
* Be registered through the local registrar’s office by submitting appropriate registration fee. Registration is proof that the property is free from any disputes and has been transferred to the buyer permanently with a clean title.
Once the registration is complete, the buyer becomes the absolute owner of the property and the conveyance process gets over officially. A lawyer and a real estate agent can help two parties compose, sign, and register a deed of conveyance during a transaction. The government obtains its revenue from the stamp duty and registration fees.
Why is it important?
For instance, your uncle gives you a piece of land without any written legal document and verbally states that the property belongs to you. Now, you build a house on that land but unfortunately, your uncle suddenly passes away. His son files a case against you stating that the land belongs to him after the death of his father. Since there is no Will or any legal document by your uncle which proves that you are the owner of that property, the only option left is to move the Court for getting the ownership of the land. But there is a possibility of losing the property as you have no document to prove that it was given to you by your uncle.
Now consider the other situation where you have a proper written legal document signed by you and your uncle which states that you are the absolute owner of the property. This document can be easily produced in any court to prove your ownership and other rights over the property.
Having a conveyance deed saves you from legal battles that can be filed against you and gives you full rights over the property including the right to sell, rent, mortgage and construct upon. It is advisable to sign a conveyance deed not only when you are entering into an agreement with a third party but also with your friends or relatives. A conveyance deed is also helpful in protecting you from fraudulent transfers of property.
What happens if you don't have a Conveyance Deed?
Not signing a conveyance deed can lead you to great trouble. You won't be able to save yourself from legal disputes in the absence of any written legal document which can prove your legal title in the property.
In the absence of the conveyance deed, you may face the following:
* You cannot become the absolute owner of the property;
* You cannot claim a valid title and interest in the property;
* Your property won't be registered in the government records due to which all bills including electricity, tax and other bills will be issued in the name of the original property owner;
* You may have to apply for costly and lengthy deemed conveyance process in case of non-cooperation by the builder;
* You may lose your rights of renovating / reconstructing the property even in circumstances such as natural calamities, without permission of the original owner of the property.
Therefore, it is advisable to sign a conveyance deed if you are planning to transfer your property to another person.