• Failed sale transaction of my flat due to buyer did not honor agreement and carelessness

Sir , i am NRI seller and power agent is my brother , the buyer did not have money to complete the registration within agreement period. He gave 2 lakhs token advance last year and paid TDS tax and did not do registration with agreement time + grace time i have for 2months after agreement. No clause about advance if agreement breeched by buyer. Now he is claiming 5 lakhs from me which is advance + Tax he paid + his expense. He went to police yesterday and police wants me to return the advance amount of 2 lakhs. i have incurred various loss and expenses due to this agreement. He was giving trouble to my brother last few months by calling various times and showing up at his home with people demanding money. Please let me know your feedbacks and how i can protect myself and my brother who was the power agent. My brother was only a temporary power agent for 1 month last year during agreement time. Thank you all for your help.
Asked 6 months ago in Property Law
Religion: Christian

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10 Answers

It is necessary to peruse agreement entered into with buyer to advice 

 

is her any forfeiture clause in agreement ? Kindly clarify 

 

if not you are bound to return the advance amount 

 

you don’t have to pay 5 lakhs but only return advance money received by you 

Ajay Sethi
Advocate, Mumbai
99782 Answers
8145 Consultations

Since your brother entered into a sale agreement with him as your power agent, your brother can be held liable though you too can be held for it.

Instead of stretching it too far, better settle the matter amicably by returning him the advance amount, because even if he goes to court or you go to court, the court will pass orders to return the advance amount with interest from the date of receipt of the said amount.

The ball is in your court to decide about settling the matter amicably or to stretch it legally and undergo more stress and litigation pressure. 

T Kalaiselvan
Advocate, Vellore
89984 Answers
2492 Consultations

1. Was there any forfeiture clause in your Agreement for Sale incurred with your said prospective Buyer?

 

2.  If there was no clause mentioned in your Agreement for Sale regarding forfeiture  of the advance amount paid by your Buyer, then you shall have to return the said amount in case of cancellation of the Agreement.

 

3. However, it is a civil dispute and Police can not interfere in to this matter.

Krishna Kishore Ganguly
Advocate, Kolkata
27703 Answers
726 Consultations

Refuse to oat 5 lakhs but return only 2 lakhs received as advance 

Ajay Sethi
Advocate, Mumbai
99782 Answers
8145 Consultations

If the sale agreement was executed by an unregistered deed, you can issue a notice informing him that the sale agreement stands cancelled upon he not honoring the conditions of the sale agreement and did not turn up as per the agreement conditions and inform him that he may collect the advance amount with interest on any working day or toi let you know his bank account details to enable you to transfer the same directly 

The police cannot interfere in this matter because it is a civil matter.

 

T Kalaiselvan
Advocate, Vellore
89984 Answers
2492 Consultations

  1. Since there is no forfeiture clause, you must return the ₹2 lakh advance, but not the ₹5 lakh he is demanding.

  2. You're not liable for TDS or his other expenses, as he breached the agreement by failing to pay in time.

  3. You offered refund multiple times and have proof—this works in your favour.

  4. Your brother (power agent) is not liable now, as his POA was temporary and expired.

  5. You are not legally bound to sell the flat now. His delay and silence weaken his case.

  6. Tell police the buyer defaulted and you are willing to return ₹2 lakh. Send a legal notice offering refund again.

If he refuses again, you can file a complaint for harassment or civil suit for damages.

 

 

Shubham Goyal
Advocate, Delhi
2073 Answers
14 Consultations

You can file a suit for specific performance if there is an agreement between you both 

Prashant Nayak
Advocate, Mumbai
34515 Answers
249 Consultations

 

 

Anik Miu
Advocate, Bangalore
11014 Answers
125 Consultations

Dear Client,

Breach of Contract by Buyer:

  • The buyer clearly breached the "Agreement to Sell" by not completing the registration within the agreed-upon timeframe (agreement period + 2 months grace).
    Section 37 of Indian Contract Act, 1873: Obligation of parties to contracts.
    Section 39 of Indian Contract Act, 1873: Effect of refusal of party to perform promise wholly.
  • Time is generally considered the essence of a contract in real estate transactions unless explicitly stated otherwise. His failure to arrange funds and complete the sale constitutes a default on his part.

Forfeiture of Advance (Earnest Money vs. Advance):

  • This is the tricky part because your agreement had "no clause about advance if agreement breeched by buyer."
  • Earnest Money: If the Rs. 2 lakhs was designated as "earnest money," it is generally understood to be a guarantee for the performance of the contract and can be forfeited by the seller upon the buyer's default, even without an explicit forfeiture clause, provided the amount is reasonable (typically 5-10% of the total consideration, but courts might allow more or less depending on actual loss).
  • Advance Money: If it was simply an "advance" or "part payment" without being specifically termed "earnest money" or having a forfeiture clause, then the legal position becomes more nuanced. In such cases, the seller might have to refund the advance, but can claim damages/losses incurred due to the buyer's default.
  • Supreme Court Rulings: Recent Supreme Court judgments have emphasized that for forfeiture of "advance money" to be justified, the terms of the contract should be clear and explicit in that regard. However, even if it's considered just an "advance," you are entitled to claim and prove your actual losses.

Police Involvement:

  • Purely Civil Matter: This is fundamentally a civil dispute concerning a breach of contract. The police generally have no role in such matters unless there is a clear element of criminal fraud (e.g., you intended to cheat him from the beginning, which is clearly not the case as you got the agreement done and waited).
  • Pressure Tactic: The buyer going to the police and showing up at your brother's home with people is a tactic of intimidation and harassment. The police asking you to return the advance is likely them trying to mediate or avoid a "complaint" rather than a legal directive. They cannot force you to return money in a civil dispute.

I hope this answer helps. In case of future queries, please feel free to contact us. Thank you.

Anik Miu
Advocate, Bangalore
11014 Answers
125 Consultations

Dear Sir/Madam,

You are suggested to approach higher officials of the police and file the complaint against that person and the said police officials who are supporting him. Also, file the suit for recovery of damages, mental agony and harassment caused by his failed commitment of sale agreement. Also, file defamation suit against him. These all, will create pressure and he will move without disturbing you in future. 

Ganesh Singh
Advocate, New Delhi
7169 Answers
16 Consultations

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