If the place of birth is correct then bifurcation of the state is not a problem.
You were born in the composite Madhya Pradesh which was later bifurcated by the government for the reasons made known in the government gazette, which is not your problem neither it would invalidate your birth certificate.
The non inclusion of your mother's name in the birth certificate will not make the certificate invalid.
The inclusion of your mother's name in the birth certificate is not a mandatory requirement in the form or an application for visa to USA neither it is a requirement by applying for passport, hence there may not be a necessity to apply for reissue of passport for the said reasons.