The weekly limit on working time is an average. You can work more than 48 hours in a week as long as your average hours don't exceed 48. The average is worked out in different ways for different groups of workers, and the workforce as a whole can agree to change the way it's worked out.
As per the Factories Act 1948, every adult (a person who has completed 18 years of age) cannot work for more than 48 hours in a week and not more than 9 hours in a day. According to Section 51 of the Act, the spread over should not exceed 10-1/2 hours.
In accordance with the Factories Act 1948, normal working hours are 9 hours per day and 48 hours per week. Working hours for young workers are 4.5 hours per day.
Adult workers may be required to work beyond the stipulated working hours, i.e., 9 hours a day and 48 hours a week. The compensation for overtime work is twice the regular rate of his ordinary pay (200% of the regular wage rate). Ordinary rate of wages includes the basic wages plus such allowances, including the cash equivalent of the advantage accruing through the concessional sale to workers of food grains and other articles, as the worker is for the time being entitled to, but does not include a bonus and wages for overtime work.
The periods of work must be fixed in such a way that no period should exceed five hours (exemption can be granted to extend this period to 6 hours). A worker must get a rest interval of at least half an hour (30 minutes) after at most five hours of work. The total spread over (of working hours) inclusive of rest breaks and overtime cannot exceed ten and a half hours in any day. This means that an overtime of 2 hours is allowed per day. The Chief Inspector is authorized to extend this spread over, for reasons specified in writing, to 12 hours.
An employee may not be required to work overtime on short notice without prior intimation. Period of work, fixed in accordance with the provisions of Act, should be properly notified and displayed in the factory. Any proposed change should be notified to the Inspector, before the change is made.
In line with the Wage Code, the central or state government may fix the number of working hours that constitute a normal working day. Where a worker works in excess of a normal working day, he is entitled to overtime wage, which must be at least 200% of the normal wage rate.