In the recent past, several developers have avoided mentioning the possession date in the agreement. We look at what home buyers can do, under RERA, in such cases, and recent judgements in favour of home buyers
Factors on which the possession date is decided
The possession date is decided, based on the period involved in carrying out construction work of the building, availability of materials and labour at site and the permissions and approvals to be issued from the concerned authorities. Under the new regulatory regime, it is important as it defines the date on which the home buyer should get possession of the unit, adds Niranjan Hiranandani, national president of NAREDCO (National Real Estate Development Council). “No real estate developer wants to delay his project by not handing over possession on the specified date, as the RERA prescribes penalties for delayed possession. Nevertheless, delays are usually caused by bureaucracy and ‘red tape’, over which the real estate developer has no control. In such cases, the developer may be penalised for no fault of his. Hence, developers are likely to add a generous ‘safety margin’, to ensure that they are not penalised for delays that are beyond their control. If there are no delays, the possession may even be handed over prior to the scheduled date,” he elaborates.
Other factors that determine possession date, are market conditions and availability of cash flow for the project. Industry experts point out that in the event of scarcity of cash flows, the period of construction shall be longer and eventually, the date of possession would be delayed. Adverse market conditions also affect the cash inflows from buyers. Timely payments by flat purchasers, as per the agreed schedule, is of immense importance for completion of the project.
What can a buyer do, if the agreement does not mention the possession date?
The issue, where no exact date for possession is mentioned in the agreement or the absence of a date from which one can calculate the date of possession, has been considered by various courts of law. Sulaiman Bhimani, an RTI activist and president of Citizens Justice Forum, who has been fighting many cases related to this issue says: “This a trick adopted by developers, to escape the laws by not mentioning the date. In the case of Hirjee, the issue has been settled by the real estate authority, even though the date of possession was not mentioned in the agreement. Earlier, there was no clarity on the redressal for these kind of issues. Now, home buyers can approach the consumer court or RERA and file a complaint regarding the promise made by the builder or regarding unreasonable delay.” If the buyer is not satisfied with the order, s/he can challenge it in the appellate tribunal, within 60 days. The next appeal against the order of the appellate tribunal can be filed in the high court of the respective states.
Possession date: Important points for home buyers to consider
The home buyer should look for projects registered under RERA and the draft agreement on the website. This agreement should be checked by an advocate, to verify whether it conforms to the RERA. The buyer should also check the date of possession mentioned in the agreement and the ‘grace period’, if any. Ideally, six months should be the maximum grace period, from the date of possession specified in the agreement. As per the Maharashtra Ownership of Flats Act, 1963 (MOFA), the exact date of possession should be disclosed in the agreement of sale. Consequently, in its absence, in many cases, the deal was declared invalid. A specific clause in the agreement, known as the ‘compensation clause’ can also be included, wherein, in case of failure to finish a project within the date mentioned in the agreement, the developer will be bound to pay a stipulated amount to the buyer every month.
Having the possession date in writing, gives the buyers assurance that the developer will ensure timely delivery as per the agreement and that their investment is safe, maintains José Braganza, joint MD, B&F Ventures (P) Ltd.
“As a first step, the buyer has to do a background check on the builder and physically inspects all documents, especially details about the possession date, before buying any property. The possession date, ideally, should be between two-three years from the inception of the project, regardless of its size,” he concludes.