HUF stands for Hindu Undivided Family. It is a separate legal entity that can be formed by a Hindu family consisting of a common ancestor and his lineal descendants, along with their wives and unmarried daughters. A HUF can own property, run a business, invest in various assets, and file tax returns in its own name. A HUF has its own PAN and enjoys a separate basic tax exemption of Rs. 2.50 lakh in addition to the tax exemption of each of its members.
To form a HUF, you need to follow these steps:
- Write an HUF deed on a stamp paper, stating the names of the HUF’s karta, coparceners and members. The karta is the senior-most male member who manages the affairs of the HUF. The coparceners are the male members who have a right to demand a share in the HUF property. The members are the female members and minor children who have a right to maintenance from the HUF.
- Apply for an HUF PAN card using Form 49A at the NSDL website.
- Open an HUF bank account.
To transfer your property to your HUF, you need to execute a deed of assignment or gift in favour of your HUF, stating that you are transferring your individual rights in the property to your HUF as a gift or for consideration. You may have to pay stamp duty and registration charges on such transfer, depending on the state laws.
When you sell the property as an HUF, you will have to pay capital gains tax on the difference between the sale price and the cost of acquisition or improvement of the property. The capital gains tax rate depends on whether the property is long-term or short-term, depending on the period of holding. Long-term capital gains are taxed at 20% with indexation benefit, while short-term capital gains are taxed at the normal slab rates applicable to the HUF. You can claim exemption from capital gains tax by investing the sale proceeds in another residential property or specified bonds under Section 54 or 54EC of the Income Tax Act.